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Artur Lemba received his primary musical education from his brother Theodor Lemba. In 1899, following the example of his brother, he entered to the St. Petersburg Conservatory where he studied piano with Carl van Arck, Prof. V. Tolstov and I. Borovka, composition with Nikolai Solovyov and music theory under the guidance of Alexander Lyadov, Alexander Glazunov and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. In 1908, he graduated from the conservatory receiving the little gold medal in piano and big silver medal in composition. In addition, he was also awarded the Anton Rubinstein prize (piano Scröder). At the graduation ceremony, Lemba performed his Piano Concerto No. 1. In 1910, Artur Lemba participated in Anton Rubinstein Competition for pianists, where he reached among the eight finalists with such pianists like Arthur Rubinstein and Edwin Fischer.
In 1908–1920, Artur Lemba taught piano at the St. Petersburg Conservatory (since 1915 as the professor) and in 1918 he was the leader of the music section of the Education Commissariat in Petrograd. He was also active as the pianist and gained recognition through the concerts in St. Petersburg.
After living 12 years in St. Petersburg, Artur Lemba returned to Estonia. In 1920–1921, he worked as the piano pedagogue in Tallinn Higher Music School, in 1921–1922, in Helsinki Music School and in 1922–1963, in Tallinn Conservatory (1934–1935 and 1941–1944 the head of the piano department). Among his students there are Elsa Avesson, Olav Roots, Villem Reimann, Veera Lensin, Kirill Raudsepp and others. In 1937 and 1938, Lemba participated in the work of the jury at the E. Ysaÿe’ Competition in Brussels.
In Estonia, Artur Lemba continued his career as the pianist, especially actively in 1920ies. In addition to the concerts in Estonia, he also performed in St. Petersburg, Riga, Moscow, Odessa, Budapest, Helsinki and Stockholm. Lemba also played in different ensembles, conducted choirs and orchestras and in 1922–1939, served as the music critic at the newspaper Vaba Maa.
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